tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26707870464516760322024-02-08T07:00:41.944-08:00Mla essay in a bookHowardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.comBlogger246125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-84672312665506876862020-08-27T15:57:00.001-07:002020-08-27T15:57:08.557-07:00Deception Point Page 72The President checked out the space for Tench. He had not seen her since before his question and answer session, and she was not here at this point. Odd, he thought. This is her festival as much as it is mine. The news report on TV was wrapping up, laying out once more the White House's quantum political jump forward and Senator Sexton's deplorable slide. What a distinction daily makes, the President thought. In legislative issues, your reality can change in a moment. Before sun-up he would acknowledge exactly how evident those words could be. 85 Pickering could be an issue, Tench had said. Executive Ekstrom was excessively distracted with this new data to see that the tempest outside the habisphere was seething more earnestly now. The wailing links had expanded in pitch, and the NASA staff was anxiously processing and talking instead of resting. Ekstrom's contemplations were lost in an alternate tempest a dangerous storm blending back in Washington. The most recent couple of hours had brought numerous issues, all of which Ekstrom was attempting to manage. But one issue presently increasingly posed a threat than all the others joined. Pickering could be an issue. Ekstrom could think about nobody on earth against whom he'd less preferably coordinate brains over William Pickering. Pickering had ridden Ekstrom and NASA throughout recent years, attempting to control security strategy, campaigning for various crucial, and railing against NASA's heightening disappointment proportion. Pickering's repugnance with NASA, Ekstrom knew, went far more profound than the ongoing loss of his billion-dollar NRO SIGINT satellite in a NASA launchpad blast, or the NASA security spills, or the fight over enlisting key aviation work force. Pickering's complaints against NASA were a progressing show of frustration and hatred. NASA's X-33 space plane, which should be the bus substitution, had run five years past due, which means many NRO satellite support and dispatch programs were rejected or required to be postponed. As of late, Pickering's fury over the X-33 arrived at a fever pitch when he found NASA had dropped the task totally, gulping an expected $900 million misfortune. Ekstrom showed up at his office, pulled the window ornament aside, and entered. Taking a seat at his work area he put his head in his grasp. He had a few choices to make. What had begun as a superb day was turning into a bad dream unwinding around him. He attempted to place himself in the mentality of William Pickering. What might the man do straightaway? Somebody as astute as Pickering needed to see the significance of this NASA disclosure. He needed to pardon certain decisions made in distress. He needed to see the irreversible harm that would be finished by contaminating this snapshot of triumph. What might Pickering do with the data he had? Would he let it ride, or would he make NASA pay for their deficiencies? Ekstrom glared, having little uncertainty which it would be. All things considered, William Pickering had further issues with NASAâ⬠¦ an antiquated individual sharpness that went far more profound than legislative issues. 86 Rachel hushed up now, gazing vacantly at the lodge of the G4 as the plane traveled south along the Canadian coastline of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Tolland sat close by, conversing with Corky. In spite of most of proof recommending the shooting star was true, Corky's affirmation that the nickel content was ââ¬Å"outside the preestablished midrange valuesâ⬠had served to revive Rachel's underlying doubt. Covertly planting a shooting star underneath the ice just appeared well and good as a major aspect of a splendidly imagined misrepresentation. Regardless, the staying logical proof highlighted the shooting star's legitimacy. Rachel abandoned the window, looking down at the plate formed shooting star test in her grasp. The minuscule chondrules sparkled. Tolland and Corky had been examining these metallic chondrules for quite a while, talking in logical terms well over Rachel's head-equilibrated olivine levels, metastable glass grids, and transformative rehomogenation. In any case, the end result was clear: Corky and Tolland were in understanding that the chondrules were determinedly fleeting. No fudging of that information. Rachel pivoted the plate formed example in her grasp, running a finger over the edge where part of the combination hull was obvious. The roasting looked generally new positively not 300 years of age albeit Corky had clarified that the shooting star had been hermetically fixed in ice and stayed away from air disintegration. This appeared to be coherent. Rachel had seen programs on TV where human remains were burrowed from the ice following 4,000 years and the individual's skin looked practically great. As she contemplated the combination hull, an odd idea happened to her-a conspicuous bit of information had been discarded. Rachel thought about whether it had basically been an oversight in all the information that was tossed at her or did somebody just neglect to make reference to it. She went abruptly to Corky. ââ¬Å"Did anybody date the combination crust?â⬠Corky looked over, looking confounded. ââ¬Å"What?â⬠ââ¬Å"Did anybody date the consume. That is, do we know beyond a shadow of a doubt that the consume on the stone happened at precisely the hour of the Jungersol Fall?â⬠ââ¬Å"Sorry,â⬠Corky stated, ââ¬Å"that's difficult to date. Oxidation resets all the important isotopic markers. In addition, radioisotope rot rates are too delayed to even think about measuring anything under 500 years.â⬠Rachel looked at that as a second, seeing now why the consume date was not part of the information. ââ¬Å"So, apparently, this stone could have been scorched in the Middle Ages or a weekend ago, right?â⬠Tolland laughed. ââ¬Å"Nobody said science had all the answers.â⬠Rachel let her brain meander so anyone might hear. ââ¬Å"A combination covering is basically only an extreme consume. In fact talking, the consume on this stone could have occurred whenever in the past 50 years, in any number of various ways.â⬠ââ¬Å"Wrong,â⬠Corky said. ââ¬Å"Burned in any number of various ways? No. Consumed in one manner. Falling through the atmosphere.â⬠ââ¬Å"There's no other chance? What about in a furnace?â⬠ââ¬Å"A furnace?â⬠Corky said. ââ¬Å"These tests were analyzed under an electron magnifying instrument. Indeed, even the cleanest heater on earth would have left fuel buildup everywhere throughout the stone-atomic, concoction, non-renewable energy source. Disregard it. What's more, what about the striations from streaking through the environment? You wouldn't get those in a furnace.â⬠Rachel had disregarded the direction striations on the shooting star. It did without a doubt seem to have fallen through the air. ââ¬Å"How about a volcano?â⬠she wandered. ââ¬Å"Ejecta tossed viciously from an eruption?â⬠Corky shook his head. ââ¬Å"The consume is very clean.â⬠Rachel looked at Tolland. The oceanographer gestured. ââ¬Å"Sorry, I've had some involvement in volcanoes, both above and beneath water. Corky's correct. Volcanic ejecta is infiltrated by many poisons carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric corrosive all of which would have been distinguished in our electronic sweeps. That combination hull, in any case, is the consequence of a clean environmental contact burn.â⬠Rachel moaned, thinking retreat the window. A perfect consume. The expression stayed with her. She turned around to Tolland. ââ¬Å"What do you mean by a clean burn?â⬠He shrugged. ââ¬Å"Simply that under an electron magnifying instrument, we see no leftovers of fuel components, so we realize warming was brought about by active vitality and grating, as opposed to substance or atomic ingredients.â⬠ââ¬Å"If you didn't locate any remote fuel components, what did you find? In particular, what was the sythesis of the combination crust?â⬠ââ¬Å"We found,â⬠Corky stated, ââ¬Å"exactly what we expected to discover. Unadulterated air components. Nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen. No petroleums. No sulfurs. No volcanic acids. Not all that much. All the stuff we see when shooting stars fall through the atmosphere.â⬠Rachel reclined in her seat, her considerations centering now. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-72121971629024429592020-08-22T12:25:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:25:33.516-07:00Abnormal Psychology- Psychosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsIrregular Psychology-Psychosis - Essay Example Atypical enemy of insane medications are regularly utilized in treating intense craziness, bipolar confusion, marginal character issue, psychosis, and schizo-full of feeling issue. (Leslie, Hankey, and Lean, 2007) In accordance with the antagonistic wellbeing impacts of these medications, a few examinations show that atypical enemy of maniacal prescriptions especially the Olanzapine and Clozapine; hostile to sadness medication, for example, Nortriptyline, Doxepin, and Amitriptyline; Lithium; Valproate; just as beta-adrenergic blocking specialist like Propranolol profoundly adds to the unnecessary weight increase or stoutness. (Science Daily, 2008; Leslie, Hankey, and Lean, 2007; Czobor et al., 2002; Rossner et al., 1990) Weight is a genuine wellbeing and social issue since it could make an individual arrangement with social change issue or social separation. (Pearce et al., 2002) As a typical information, stoutness could likewise expand the danger of an individual to experience the ill effects of a wide-scope of genuine wellbeing concerns, for example, diabetes especially the Type 2 diabetes or the non-insulin subordinate diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (Alberti et al., 2007; Wilding, 2004), cerebral drain and coronary heart sicknesses (Nanchahal et al., 2005; Montaye at el., 2000), hypertension, athersclerosis and elevated cholesterol (Yuan et al., 1998; Berenson et al., 1993), atherosclerosis (Nazario, 2007), osteoarthritis (Lau et al., 2000), rest apnea (Ballington, 2002), just as malignant growth (Vainio and Bianchini, 2002) identified with colon (Murphy et al. 2000), rectum (Giascosa et al., 1999), post menopausal related bosom malignant growth and uterus (Vainio and Bianchini, 2002; Friedenreich, 200 1; van cave Brandt et al., 2000; Goodman et al., 1997), kidney (Yuan et al., 1998; Goodman et al., 1997), gallbladder (Lowenfels et al., 1999; Moerman and Bueno-de-Mesquita, 1999), ovaries and pancreas (Vainio and Bianchini, 2002). Self-destructive propensity is viewed as a significant difficulty that has been related with the withdrawal from hostile to maniacal medications like Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-29341264930654205622020-08-21T10:07:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:07:15.561-07:00Some Pros And Cons Of Writing A Term Paper EssaySome Pros And Cons Of Writing A Term Paper EssayThere are several advantages to writing a term paper essay, and many things that should be considered when writing one. This is an area of study that can be challenging, but it can also be very rewarding if the topic and the essay are done well. Most of all, writing a term paper is an opportunity to be creative and to express your thoughts on an important topic.Writing an essay is not always easy, especially when it comes to writing a term paper. Sometimes writing requires more creativity than others. When this happens, a good start might be to start with a question. The purpose of a term paper essay is to answer a question, and it is so important to be able to write a good essay that it is necessary to write a question first. With a question in hand, it is easier to think of what to write in the essay.As stated above, writing a term paper can take some time and can be frustrating. Sometimes people just write out of boredom or just to s atisfy their own needs for a quick project. It is however important to be able to go back and edit your project when you are tired and frustrated. This is when a good term paper essay is needed to complete the project.It is important to note that writing a term paper essay also takes a certain type of writing skills. Writing a term paper is definitely different from other types of writing. However, it is important to remember that there are many advantages to writing a term paper essay. Some of these include:This is something that all students want to do, and they have the ability to do it. With term papers, it is up to the student to research the material thoroughly. This includes taking time to research the specific areas of the college, as well as researching the college itself.Finally, it is important to note that writing an essay is not only written to get good grades. Although there is some merit to this, the main thing that is written is usually the thesis statement of the st udent. The thesis statement of the student is simply the foundation of the entire project. This will be written in the first part of the essay, and it should include what the major point of the project is, as well as why this point is important to the student.The last aspect that a student must be aware of is grammar. Writing a term paper is not something that is completely within the control of the student. In fact, it is the responsibility of the school to ensure that the student has a good grasp of grammar and has the ability to write clearly. A great way to get a better grasp of this is to visit your school's academic counselor for an hour.The most important benefit of writing a term paper is the fact that it allows the student to be creative. Writing a term paper, even something as simple as an essay, is a great way to learn. It is a way for the student to explore their creativity, which will be very beneficial for them as they move on in life. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-5354313178029655612020-05-25T22:41:00.001-07:002020-05-25T22:41:02.593-07:00U.S. Legislative Compromises Over Slavery, 1820-1854Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-34127003162020608282020-05-15T05:01:00.001-07:002020-05-15T05:01:04.487-07:00Selma Lagerlof BiographyHowardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-3308797461499321552020-05-06T16:10:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:10:33.563-07:00As my freshman year of college comes to a close, I reflect... As my freshman year of college comes to a close, I reflect on my two English courses this year. I have learned a lot these last two semester in my english 101 and 102 classes. English 101 focused a lot on different types of papers, while English 102 focused mainly on taking what we learned from a reading and analysing and interpreting of stories and poems we read. Looking back at my high school English days, I believe I had made major improvements in my writing abilities between these two semesters. Personally, I favorited my English 101 class. The main component of this course was to branch out and further our writing abilities. We did this by doing many different types of papers. Theses papers ranged from short essays to longâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦I enjoyed reading some of the stories out of our books. A Raisin in the Sun and ââ¬Å"The Bridegroomâ⬠were two of my favorite. These stories had great emotion and purpose behind them. Where I struggle, is relating the concepts found in these stories to everyday life. I struggled with both of these papers, even though I liked the stories. Though this may be true, with each paper I wrote I improved. I was very grateful to be able to do revisions on our papers. This was a great way for me to see the mistakes I made and which areas I need to focus on. This helped me not to make the same mistake on my other papers, and helped me grow as a writer. I enjoined the poetry section of this course immensely. I really enjoyed taking a close look at various poems and analyzing them to find their true meaning. My favorite poem is ââ¬Å"Fire and Iceâ⬠by Robert Frost. This has been my favorite poem for many years, yet I never took a step back to truly analyze it. Originally I was drawn to this poem because of Frostââ¬â¢s sarcastic tone and the intriguing idea of the end of the world. This class allowed me to take a closer look at the poem and analyze all aspects of the poem, both literal and symbolic. At the beginning of the semester we took at look at Frostââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"Mending Wallâ⬠. I had a very hard time understanding the meaning of this poem the first time I read through it. I do not have much experience with poetry, however going over the poems Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-48484603960499805982020-05-05T18:47:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:47:14.445-07:00Tuckmans Theory free essay sample Tuckman hypothesized five stages of behaviors in a group: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning. The forming stage is a period of uncertainty in which members try to determine their place in a group and what the rules are. Conflicts arise during the storming stage as memberââ¬â¢s rebel against the task at hand. During the norming stage the group establishes a common ground regarding roles structure and norms in appropriate behavior. In the performing stage, the groups patterns in working together become more flexible and achieve their goals more proficiently. In the adjourning stage the group disbands. Group Dynamics, David W. Johnson and Frank P. Johnson. Page 27 2. List and briefly discuss the three criteria that need to be met so that competition can be constructive. Competition tends to be more constructive when: 1. Winning is relatively unimportant. When winning is relatively unimportant it promotes fun engagement with the other competitors and they find other constructive ways to achieve their goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Tuckmans Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. All participants have a reasonable chance to win. Individuals who believe that they will not win typically wonââ¬â¢t try and will have less interest and enjoyment in the experience. There are clear and specific rules, procedures, and criteria for winning. When in competition ambiguity interferes with achievement, when energy is directed towards what is fair and unfair. (Group Dynamics page 113 Johnson and Johnson, 1974-2009b) 3. Discuss the relevance of gatekeepers in one-way communication. When you have a classroom full of people and the teacher gives one person (gatekeeper) to pass the message on to the rest of the class itââ¬â¢s up to the gatekeeper to relay the message in an understandable message. Eventually the message will come back to the gatekeeper and it most of the time will come back garbled and usually wonââ¬â¢t make sense. Because a lot of the people in the class that are relaying the gatekeeperââ¬â¢s message perceive the message differently and relay it out differently than the gatekeeper. Unfortunately other people in the class room donââ¬â¢t understand and the message tends to get garbled. (Group Dynamics page 153 Johnson and Johnson, 1974-2009b) 4. According to the text, why is individual decision-making lacking? Be sure to support your answer with the text. Individual decision-making is lacking because group decisions tend to make more effective decisions where as an individual normally makes quick and sometimes incorrect decisions, itââ¬â¢s up to an individual to get into a group to compare and formulize new ideas. Also people tend to not follow their own instincts and follow everyone elseââ¬â¢s. Everyone these days are always waiting to hear what the other person has to say or feel. (Group Dynamics Chapters 7-8 page 301 Johnson and Johnson, 1974-2009b) Explain how the language we use can affect our credibility with diverse peers. The language we use can affect our credibility with diverse peers, because with diversity comes people who donââ¬â¢t understand your language. For example if I were in a diverse group and I were to use a word or a phrase, someone else in the group may perceive that statement or word in a totally different way. There are words in our vocabulary that mean a totally different thing in someone elseââ¬â¢s vocabulary, so people tend to get confused and or insulted. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-12401685792950441272020-04-12T11:52:00.001-07:002020-04-12T11:52:03.635-07:00Review of Related Literature Essay ExampleReview of Related Literature Essay REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review of the literature for this study focuses on procedures used to identify teaching and learning styles and what effect a match between the two has on student learning outcomes and evaluation of instructors. The review focuses on a number of different instruments used to identify teaching and learning styles. The chapter begins with a definition of learning styles, teaching styles, and matching, followed by the findings of researchers using various instruments to measure learning and teaching styles. The research outcomes germane to learning styles, teaching styles, and a match between the two in relation to course grades, final exam scores, and instructor evaluations are discussed. Related Literature Computerized Enrollment Sytem This proposal also tells us how automation and computer software greatly accelerate human technological processes and advancement. A software development and IT service firm implemented its catalyst in Governor Andres Pascual College was integrated web platform to provide content management, transaction processing, marketing and interactive community functions to the two rice schools. The content management tools of the Jones school staff edits update or add to the volume of curriculum and event information without calling for technical assistance. It simply cut and paste document into the content management system for consisting and publish to the web in the school. The study focuses on creating computerize inventory system for the Jones school. REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND THE STUDY This chapter presents the different literature and studies that are related and relevant to this research. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This chapter also tells us how automation and computer software greatly accelerate human technological processes and advancement. Foreign Literature Indiaââ¬â¢s higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and United State. The main governing body at tertiary level is the University Grants Commission. Which enforces its standards, advises the government, and help coordinate between the center and the state? Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission. As of 2009, India has 2 central university 215 state universities, 100 deemed universities, 5 institutions established and functioning under the state act, and 13 institutes which are of national importance. Other institutions include 16000 colleges, including 1800 exclusive womenââ¬â¢s colleges, functioning under these universities and institutions. A software development and IT service firm implemented its catalyst in Governor Andres Pascual College was integrated web platform to provide content management, transaction processing, marketing and interactive community functions to the two rice schools. Catalystà delivers on the Jones Schools two primary criteria for selecting web-based platform simplifying content management, and enabling userââ¬â¢s response to information such as event RSVP and course registration. The content management tools let the Jones school staff edits update or add to the volume of curriculum and event information without calling for technical assistance. They simply cut and paste document into the content management system audit for consisting and publish to the web. The schools diverse audiences, which include MBAs executive Mb As executive education participants, and alumni, now receive prompt notifications of news Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-29355346449495769172020-03-10T21:01:00.001-07:002020-03-10T21:01:03.749-07:00Research Paper on CrimeResearch Paper on Crime Introduction What is the main cause of crime and its imperative relationship to poverty? Such a question at first may seem unanswerable because we could never pin point the exact cause of such worldwide problems. Crime and poverty have been around from time was time and there is no doubt that crime is on the increase not only in the world but also in Belize. During these past years, Belize has been infested with an outbreak of crime and violence and it appears to be at its peak. And the reason for this is many, for instance, the principal and most evident of them all would be the increasing rate of poverty that Belize has been experiencing owing to the vast opening in the midst of the poor and the rich that appears to be widening on a daily basis rather than closing up. The poor people of Belize see no other means to endurance and to stay alive and feel that they must resort to their last alternative, stealing, the most commonest form of crime found in Belize. Adding to this would be the high rate of unemployment that exists in our society mainly brought about by lack of education. So again, the only way for the uneducated, unemployed, and poor people to outlive such a way of living is once again resorting to a world of crime. Nevertheless, although there are many who see crime as a means of survival there are others who indulge in criminal acts for mere fun. For instance, those who are members of the call color gangs, choose to live a life of crime and violence because they believe it is cool to be bad. This gang problem has been triggered by the American television and their way of life, because by watching television we see how the American carry out their lives and we imitate them and do the same. So crime in Belize has reached its high point and the cause are many, but do we stop to ask, what is the solution to such problems? And do we really take time out to really answer the question? And if we do, do we find methods or means to deal with the problem? There are solutions to any problem and the solution to crime is no exception. Crime in Belize has gone beyond our reach because we have let it slip, this is so because we allow criminals to get away with criminal acts. There is a need to implement more severe punishments to crimes committed so as to set examples for other criminals who have not reached to an ex5reme, the laws need to be revised and be placed in enforcement and this can only be done by more police action. There is a need to educate the Belizean children and lead them to a better life, take them off the streets and teach them right from wrong. There is also a need to alleviate poverty so as to lower the high percentage of violence and crime both in urban and rural areas of Belize because by alleviating these problems there would be less criminals resorting to stealing as a means of survival. Therefore, one way of trying to solve or alleviate the problem is by being a united country and by voicing our opinions to those who can truly help make a difference; like the lawmakers and politicians. What is Crime? When you think of crime and criminals, you probably think of the dangerous looking characters you see played on television or in the movies. But there are lawbreakers like these in real life, too, and you read about their crimes every week in the newspaper. What exactly, is a crime then? A crime is any act, which breaks the law or fails to obey some requirement of the law. According to this definition, anyone who smokes in a bus or breaks a traffic regulation is guilty of committing a crime. These minor crimes are called misdemeanors. More serious crimes are called felonies. Felonies include all crimes that are punishable by more than a year in jail. Types of Crimes Crime has been on the increase in Belize, as in all countries of the world. In these past years, we have seen an increase in all types of crime. For example, crimes of violence, which are crimes committed against persons. Murder, one of the most serious crimes of violence and one of the major ones that have been seen for through the past years, especially among gang members. Aggravated assault is another form of crime that has to do with any kind of physical injury that is done intentionally to another person. There are also crimes against property, theft or stealing that are among the most common crimes committed in Belize. Associated with above mentioned is robbery, where property is taken from someone by causing him to fear for his life or by threatening him with violence. Another form of this already mentioned crime is burglary, where the entering of a home with the intention to steal. Crime and its Causes It is shocking to see that young people commit the highest percentage of crime. Evidence shows that most people arrested for crimes each year are between the ages of 18-25 or sometimes even younger. So then, the questions come up, why are young people lawbreakers? What cusses them to commit criminal acts? It is obvious that all the reasons are not certain because young people are many times hard to understand, thus, it is difficult to find out what makes them behave as they do. But according to expertsââ¬â¢ world wide, who for many years have studied the problem, there are many things that bring about or that seem to give grounds to youngsters indulging in criminal acts. For instance, the primary reason that should be taken into consideration is poor home conditions, which play a part in the cause of young criminals. Many young criminals come from homes where parents may take no responsibility for their children. In such homes, the parent may not get along well together, and they may show little concern for the welfare and education of their children. The great numbers of slum areas in our country, mainly the city, often have a high rate of criminal activity. Places where families are crowded together in unpleasant dwellings, young people are most likely to get into trouble. Sometimes, their actions are simply a search for thrills and adventures. There are many who break the law really as an attempt to get even with the society for the kind of life they have to endure in the slums. To add to this, and also sharing the primary cause would be would be a means to survival. Many people who live in poor conditions sometimes have no other way of maintainin g their homes so they resort to stealing. They are of the opinion that the only way to survive the day to day hardship is to indulge in a life of crime and one of the main reasons for their behaviors are the law of employment. Unemployment play a massive role in the cause of crime because the people feel that if they can no9t work to sustain themselves they must steal in order to keep their selves and their families surviving. Therefore, the poor home conditions and the feeling of survival is one of the main causes of crime in our country just as it is for most of the other countries in the world. Another reason that encourages crime in our country is membership in gangs. Many young people who get into trouble with the law are or have some relationship with gangs or gang members. For many young men, in particular, crime is likely to be a gang activity, just as important as the money they obtain by stealing is the thrill that they get in challenging the police. A young member of a gang may feel that he must prove to his other gang members that he is brave by risking the chances of getting caught in order to gain respect among his gang members. Many join gangs so as to feel protected and to feel that they belong because to them a gang means family, the major or two most known gangs in Belize are the crips represented by the color blue and the bloods represented by the color red. For many years there has been a constant feud between these two gangs and such feud has brought about blood shed and left many wounded. Many of these gang members are responsible for a high percentage of crimes committed in our society because their daily means of living exist mainly on stealing to get money. Not to say that these are the only two gangs that exist in our country because this is not so there are others that have given rise through the years, there are others found in our districts but none more notorious than crips and the bloods. In adding to this, it can be said that gangs are influenced mainly by American television, our young people see the violence and wrong doings portrayed by young Americans and feel that they need to do the same to be cool and bad. And to conclude the issue of gangs, it takes a person of strong character to break away from a gang when he/she becomes involved in criminal acts. Similar to gang members or related to gangs are students who drop out of school who get involve in crime and most of the time in gangs. School dropouts are many times not necessarily headed for lives of crime, but many times it is seen that those who do not finish high school are more likely to become members of gangs or mere criminals. Being absent and skipping classes is often one of the signs of a possible delinquent. The schools drop out who is not able to get a decent job and who spends his day in idleness is likely to get into trouble with the law. And in Belize especially in the city we can see a lot of dropouts who just hang out on street corners doing nothing and many times become members of gangs. The use of alchol and drugs often or most of the time contribute to crime. Almost every country in the world, including Belize has laws forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages to anyone under 18 or 21 years of age. All countries forbid the sale of habit-forming drugs to anyone unless approved by a doctor. Yet, criminals break the law and sell drugs to young people. So, we might ask our selves, how does drug relate to criminal activity? There are three kinds of relationship: psychopharmacological, economic-compulsive, and systemic. A psychopharmacological relationship exists when someone commits a crime because of some drug induced change in mood or physiological function, it is also implied when a drug increase impulsivity. Economic-compulsive reasons involve committin a crime to obtain money to buy drugs. Systemic reasons involve drug related drive by shootings, rip offs of buyers and sellers, murders to eliminate rivals, and bribery or perjury to avoid conviction. In belize we see the three inds of relationship in our society giving most concern to the economic-compulsive reason. Although, many murders throught the past year have been committed due to systemic reasons,à where members of gangs and drug trafficers have murdered people who have in some way muddle in their deals. And there are also many crimes committed by people who were under the effect of some drugs. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-41920210111249686662020-02-23T11:28:00.001-08:002020-02-23T11:28:03.442-08:00Entering The Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsEntering The Discussion - Essay Example Perry Thomas commented that Romney misinterpreted the need for teachers; this is because he meant to profit private businesses through the use of prison labor rather than union workers. Another comment used an example of an advertisement Syracuse Cultural Workers group, an economically able person grabs a cookie when one of the groupââ¬â¢s worker approaches a plate of twelve cookies. He later remarks that union people want to take away the workers cookies. A reply to this is by other commentators is that they do not want job losses but rather fewer jobs and less costs. To further reinforce the idea that businesses dealing with the federal government get unfair tax exemptions and privileges one commentator quotes General dynamics, which pays minimal property taxes. Further comments disapprove of the intrusion of government into the business sector. Opinions on the role of the government officials appear divided; the debate takes a political angle. On one hand, some commentators view most government offices as wasteful and unnecessary; they disproportionately disapprove of the Democratic Party of president Obama. Others hold the view that Romney is a political insider whose attacks on government are dishonest since it is aimed at gaining political mileage. The blog postings further delve into Mitt Romneyââ¬â¢s record in business dealings where it is alleged that he is a ruthless businessman. This thought emanates from his business undertakings in which he bought under performing companies and fired many workers. Those supporting this opinion suggest his only target is to enrich investors, including himself. It is argued that Romneyââ¬â¢s comments on the need for less government workers ought not to come as a surprise; it shows his consistent behavior of little regard for workers plight. With political inclinations taking center stage, accusations Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-37995083565243504912020-02-07T04:15:00.001-08:002020-02-07T04:15:03.030-08:00Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication AssignmentLeadership, Teambuilding, and Communication - Assignment Example On the other hand, leaders work hand in hand with others to achieve objectives of the company. However, by combining these two aspects, it is possible to help employees overcome the challenges they face and increase the companyââ¬â¢s production (Northouse, 2010). This study will use Wells Fargo Company as a sample company to explain the importance of good leadership and management skills towards companyââ¬â¢s production. Wells Fargo is American international banking and financial institution, which operates around the world. This company is ranked the fourth largest bank in America. The Company has highly qualified managers with good management skills thus increasing the production of the company. These good management skills also enable the company to attract and maintain more customers. Good leadership skills also ensure employees experience a favorable working environment hence enabling the company retains highly qualified employees. Leadership theories Leadership interest i ncreased during early twentieth century, and this led to the realization of leadership theories. These theories are into two categories. The first category is early leadership theories focus on the qualities distinguishing leaders and followers while the second category, which are subsequent theories, focus on variables such as situational factors and skills. The followings are some of the major theories used by many companies like Wells Fargo to ensure good leadership in achieving the goals of the company. Great Man Theories The great man theories assume that good leadership skills are inherent thus great leaders are bone but not made. These theories portray that good leaders are heroic, mythic, and have the destiny to rise to leadership when requested. The term ââ¬Å"great menâ⬠was important because during the twentieth century leadership was mainly associated with men especially in military forces. According to methodologies of some of the worldââ¬â¢s famous leaders, th e great man theories contributes to the idea that people with great leadership skills are bone and not made. Many researches show that people with good leadership skills seem to emerge magically to lead and control other workers to success. Many people today support these theories claiming that prominent leaders inherit the good qualities and personalities, which make them perfect leaders. Trait Theories Trait theories are similar to great men theories because they assume that people inherit certain leadership skills and traits to make them better fitting to management. Trait Theories seem to be confusing because if certain traits are the key feature of leadership, then where do we place those people who posses these traits but are not leaders. Unlike other theories, trait theories focus on differences between individuals personalities. Trait theories define the uniqueness in individual personality as a combination and interaction of various traits. Classification of individual trai ts is in three levels namely Cardinal traits, Central traits, and Secondary traits. Contingency Theories Contingency theories of leadership concentrate on certain leadership variables relating to the environment that determine which form of leadership is paramount for the situation. These theories claim that each leadership style is best for a Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-69992634711559046232020-01-29T04:28:00.001-08:002020-01-29T04:28:03.419-08:00Advertising Uses Essay Example for Free Advertising Uses Essay Advertising: Information tool, manipulation tool, or Beyond? The impact of advertising in our society is a fiercely debated topic, and has been ever since its conception in its most basic form. Advertisers make their ads stand out by using humor, ongoing story lines, unexpected dialogue, unusual techniques, attention-getting spokespersons, or simply by repeating the ads so often that people canââ¬â¢t help but remember them. According to the majority advertising is a form of communication that typically attempts to inform or persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. This is not a surprise, advertisements are everywhere. Society is so used to it that they just see it as a tool for letting others know about a product. The majority sees advertisement as an information tool. Unfortunately advertising doesnââ¬â¢t have that purpose anymore. According to Chuck Blore said: ââ¬Å"Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from itâ⬠. Just until the 1800ââ¬â¢s advertising was an information tool, then it became a manipulation tool because of mass production during the industrial revolution. Everything stayed the same until the 21st century. This century had changed the whole concept of advertising, now advertising is something beyond information or manipulation. Advertising is a tool to create costumers (yes, create!). Now publicists create needs, preferences, beliefs, points of views, and everything they need to get money without measuring their acts. Advertisers are changing customersââ¬â¢ true desires instead of selling their products to the ones who needs them. Advertisers create needs. Its not true that every time someone sees a Burger King ad he/she is hungry, its just part of the advertiserââ¬â¢s job. They make every ad incredibly appealing so that everyone who sees it believes that he needs a burger right away, or at least something to eat. Havenââ¬â¢t you noticed that those kinds of ads are always close enough to the respective restaurant, and itââ¬â¢s not just in the food business that advertisers create needs? They do it in every opportunity they have, such as apparels, technology, etc. Advertisers create preferences. They build desires and preferences every time they have to present a product that isnââ¬â¢t for everyone. Advertisers show products as unique and incredible. The costumers believe they need them right away. What advertisers do is create an image of a product that will make costumers buy it without thinking it twice; it will create such a huge desire for that product that costumers will feel the need for buying it even though it can be a product that they wouldnââ¬â¢t be interested before the ad. Advertisers create beliefs and points of view. They do everything for achieve their selling goals; they donââ¬â¢t care about the costumer real desires. Advertising is in such a position that it can make costumers change the way they see themselves, the way they see others, and they way they feel about their lives. In this case there are examples such as all the commercials with models that make costumers feel insecure with their bodies (no matter the gender). Also ads that insist with the idea of getting thinner with machines or pills ââ¬Å"without doing exerciseâ⬠making costumers believe that everything works. Advertisers create perceived difference and make them feel that a particular product is different. Most of the time the difference is simply the audience the company wants to target. Unfortunately one of the biggest consequences of abusive advertisement is that most of the advertisers are targeting kids affecting their way of thinking and all their interests. Kids fourteen and under spend an estimated $20 billion a year and influence purchases by parents, grandparents, and others to the tune of $200 billion a year. As a result, advertisers spend big bucks to reach kids: an estimated $800 million for programs alone. Experts say that children are particularly vulnerable to the persuasive effects of advertising, especially television commercials. ââ¬Å"Kids are the most pure consumers you could have,â⬠says Debra McMahon, a vice-president at Mercer Management Consulting. ââ¬Å"They tend to interpret your ad literally. They are infinitely open.â⬠The child as in-house salesperson is a powerful friend to advertisers. Because of this, some advertisers are very concerned with the society, because a lot of advertisers are just trying to sell the product witho ut limits. They donââ¬â¢t think about the audience that can see their ads. Advertising has become really intense during the past years. They are trying to sell their products or services without a limit, without respecting the costumers. It should be controlled, definitely. Advertising, too, should be held to the truth, as many people take it at face value and ingenuously believe all or most of what is said. Thatââ¬â¢s why there are associations promoting responsible advertising like the International Advertising Association (IAA) and Advertising Educational Foundation. Also there are advertising ethics that are being discussed, ethics that should be present when an ad comes out for the rest of the world. Advertising should be more socially responsible, because advertising is just one of the most important social influences in a capitalistic economy, like ours. And using media as its vehicle is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in todays world. As the media grows, the number of advertisements increases everyday and it plays a substantial role in peopleââ¬â¢s life because we are bombarded with thousands of advertising messages daily. The industry should concentrate more on the advertising ethics, and how to satisfy the consumers, instead of manipulating the consumer into buying their product, misinforming, tricking people for their own financial gain and creating negative social impacts. Advertising must be truthful, not misleading, ambiguous, or make wrong factual claims that can get consumers to buy inferior products thinking these products can deliver more. Advertising should be creative, and who says you canââ¬â¢t direct your creative abilities towards projects that aim to do good? Advertising should be responsible, so that it helps to contribute a positive effect on our society and the environment. I do not wish to see advertising eliminated from the contemporary world, because it is an important element in todays society, especially in the functioning of a market economy, which is becoming more and more widespread. I do wish that the world of advertising change and can be limited to be used as an information tool, not manipulation or ââ¬Å"beyond thatâ⬠, and hopefully in the future weââ¬â¢ll have the chance to see on magazines, billboards and TVs ethical and responsible ads, because as Chris Moore said once ââ¬Å"Advertisers are in the business of communicating with thousands, even millions, of others all the time. That gives us thousands or millions of chances to practice what we believe every day. And try to get it rightâ⬠. References Day, Nancy. Advertising: Information or manipulation? Enslow Publisher, 1999. Scivicque, Christine. December de 2007. February de 2011. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-32718106246948342172020-01-21T00:51:00.001-08:002020-01-21T00:51:04.834-08:00Capital Punishment Essay: Criminals Can Think Twice or Die OnceCapital punishment has been in effect since the 1600's (Cole 451). However, in 1972 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment, which was unconstitutional according to the Eighth amendment. It was public opinion that the current methods of execution, hanging, electrocution, and facing a firing squad, were too slow and painful upon the person to be executed (Cole 451). The U.S. Supreme Court reversed this decision when a "cleaner" way to bring about death was found in 1976. This "cleaner" way is death by lethal injection, which is quick and painless if administered right (Cole 450). Since capital punishment has been reinstituted many people have argued for and against capital punishment. Some say the death penalty is what the criminal deserves while others object to it because death is irreversible. I feel the death penalty is a good form of justice because only about 250 people a year get the death penalty and they are guilty beyond a doubt a nd don't deserve living with the possibility of parole. The sentencing judge or jury are ordered by the Supreme Court to look for "specific aggravating and mitigating factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death" (Cole 451). Some of these mitigating factors are the defendant's motivation, character, personal history, and most of all remorse (Costanzo). Every year approximately 250 new offenders are added to death row. In 1994 there were 2,850 persons awaiting execution. Yet no more than thirty-eight people have been executed a year since 1976. This is a ridiculously low number compared to 199 persons executed in 1935 (all from Cole 451). The reason for this slow execution rate is the process of appeals, from sentencin... ... is a punishment that will remain active for a long time in the future, even with all the criticism. It is an ancient way of dealing with extremely serious offences that plague our country today. Hopefully the appeals process will be shortened, but remain effective, so more criminals can be executed, making prospective criminals think twice. Works Cited Bailey, William C., "Murder, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence" 1994. Journal of Social Issues. Cole, George F., The American System fo Criminal Justice 1995, New York. Costanzo, Mark "Attorney Persuasion in the Capital Penalty Phase" 1994. Journal of Social Issues. Death Penalty Discussion, Sept. 12, 1994. Search on Turbogopher under "Execution". Death Penalty, May 12, 1994. American Civil Liberties Union. Search on Turbogopher under "Execution". The Electric Chair, Aug 13, 1993. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-92189071557139958602020-01-12T21:13:00.001-08:002020-01-12T21:13:03.726-08:00Database Applications Used in Our Organization EssayOur company has really advanced in terms of database management. Initially, they were using Microsoft Access database application soft but recently they introduced Oracle database application. This change has been brought about by the economic growth in the country which has in turn seen our organization grow significantly. Microsoft Access database application is the commonest database application that is used by majority of the firms especially the small one. One of the benefits of using this database is that it is relatively compatible with Structure query language (SQL). Most organizations have made use of the software for one is that itââ¬â¢s in expensive to maintain and secondly itââ¬â¢s because most employees are family with its application. Our company has not been an exception; we have over the years been using the software to store all our data in it and were able to retrieve the information without difficultness. The database application software is very useful in out organization as we have eliminated the use of papers in our office. This has also increase the efficiency of activities within and outside the organization. This has ensured that tasks are accomplished faster within the organization and this ensures that organizational goals and objectives are achieved in the long run. Previous, the use of paper work in the organization would lead to some processed being delayed and this in turn to delay to completion of a deal that would have benefited the organization financially. For this case, elimination of the paper work has seen deals being completed faster and the company gains financially. Recently, the management saw the need of introducing advanced database application software that would be able to accommodate the huge data the need to be store within our system. Due to this reason, they proposed to introduce Oracle database application software in the organization although the Microsoft Access database application software is still in use. The reason of using both is to ensure that all employees familiarize with the new system before implementing the Oracle database application fully in the organization. Another reason of maintaining both systems in the organization is because it would take time for the organization to transfer the entire data store in the Microsoft Access to the Oracle system. There is still room for improvement as far as database management is concerned in our organization to ensure that our services are delivery even faster so that we can increase our sale and achieve our organizational goals and objectives. For this case, the organization needs to ensure that all employees familiarize themselves with the Oracle database application software so that we can get rid of Microsoft Access. It is always wise for an organization to advance with technology since many large organization are no longer using the Microsoft Access and incase they interact, they might be a problem due to compatibility of information. There is also a need for the organization to introduce DB2 database application software which is also cost effective database application software. Organizations especially large one like ours should ensure they get rid of paper work which slows processes within the organization. They should adopt database application software that is cost effective in term of number of employees to be employed to handle and maintain companyââ¬â¢s data and speed of processing information within the organization. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-74392251270150409252020-01-04T17:37:00.001-08:002020-01-04T17:37:04.124-08:00A Comparison of Justice in The Tempest and Merchant of... Justice in The Tempest and Merchant of Venice nbsp; In both Merchant of Venice and The Tempest, Shakespeare proposes ideas of justice and mercy that hold true in both plays. In order to see if the actions taken were just and/or merciful, definitions of these words must be set up. If we were to assume that Shakespeares definition of mercy was what Portia espoused in act four, scene one, specifically lines 205 - 206, the definition of mercy must be viewed in a biblical sense. Thus, in order to judge if something is merciful, one must look to see if it fulfills the qualifications of mercy in the New Testament. However, the idea of justice is quite different, for my definition of justice, I will turn to Charles Mills definition, for,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦During the trial, it would be fair to say that mercy was given to Antonio and not Shylock. For Antonio, the other cheek was turned and he was able to be spared the loss of his life -- even though he had entered into a contract in which he put this on the line. On the other hand, money was not given to Shylock who not only was not reimbursed the money that he lent out, but he was also harmed by being forced to convert. However, when looking at why mercy was given to one and not the other, we must look at how justice was applied. In Antonios case, he is a Catholic merchant from Europe, unlike the prince of Morocco. However, even though Shylock was also a European, he was not a Christian -- justice did not apply. However, in context, was justice served? Of course it was served, for not only was the spirit of it upheld but it was also carried out how it was meant to be carried out. Thus, in The Merchant of Venice, justice and mercy intermingle providing mercy only to the people that receive justice. nbsp; In The Tempest, Shakespeare again uses the concepts of justice and mercy in order to have his audience think about what just and merciful actions were taken. At the end of the play, when Prospero releases Caliban from his bondage, this action, by definition, is merciful, but in no way is it just. By releasing Caliban from his control, Prospero has taken a love thy neighbor as yourself mentality and, this, is merciful. However, when determining ifShow MoreRelatedTragic Drama According to AC Bradleys Theory of Shakespeare and a Comparison of Arthur Miller and August Wilsons Concept of Tragedy2899 Words à |à 12 Pagesnot contemptible. Hence, with the true greatness of the hero attaches the tragic impression. This combination of greatness with tragedy attached to it is Shakespeares impression of waste (Wyandotte 2002). Shakespeare further presents an idea of Justice in his plays. In his plays, we find no traces of wrong doers reaping the fruits of what they have sown. The reason can be his lack of interest to hereditary however; he has given special regard to fate. The dilemma of fate is its vast and fixed natureRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words à |à 209 Pagesmake a digression on overt and covert meaning and the relation of this distinction to the psychology of cognition. The various ways of knowing God are given as an example. Parts of the argument are to be found in a minor work by al-Gazzà ¢là ®. The comparison, frequent in Islamic literature, between the incomprehensibility of God and the intolerable brilliance of light, is used by way of illustration (pp.177-79). This is followed by speculation as to the reason why, of the twenty-eight letters of the Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-80601778792415952532019-12-27T14:03:00.001-08:002019-12-27T14:03:03.216-08:00What is a Computer - 762 Words What is a computer? When trying to explain the computer to my grandparents I realizing just how complicated it is Explaining what it is and why itââ¬â¢s so powerful, the differences between data and information and how the computer knows what to do. First what is a computer? A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. 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With the use of these mini-computers we now have safety features like anti-lock brake Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-37029633490825821462019-12-19T09:52:00.001-08:002019-12-19T09:52:03.172-08:00The Civil Rights Movement Essay - 1259 Words The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. ââ¬Å"Jim Crowâ⬠laws at the local and state levels. The nonviolent protest and civil disobedient were used by the civil right activist to bring change. Many leaders within the Black community and beyond distinguished during the Civil Rights era, includingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Forced integration led to much violence. The most notable instance challenged in 1957 of federal orders by Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas, ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent integration in Little Rock. Presiden t Eisenhower responded by sending federal troops to enforce the court order for integration. The refusal to admit the first black to Mississippi University in 1962 as the segregation was seen illegal by the Supreme Court but the federal government did little to protect. Meredith was given a twenty-four hour protection wherever he goes on the campus. While the battle intensifies over the schools, an awakened civil rights movement among American blacks began to protest segregation in other areas of national life. Rosa Parks worked as a secretary for the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks got arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus to a white man. This led the segregation of public transportation to come under attack. The law required that should the white section of the bus become full, African-Americans to sit in the back of city buses and to give up their seats to whites. Rosa Parks was a we ll-respected and dignified figure in the community, her arrest was finally enough to convince African-Americans that they could no longer forbearance discriminatory laws. On December 5, members of the African-AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Civil Rights Movement1179 Words à |à 5 Pagessegregations. Out of the numerous elements that arose in the 1960s, there are three movements that truly affected the American society. Firstly, the rise of the civil rights movement was greatly influenced by racial discrimination of colored people in the South. Secondly, the womenââ¬â¢s movement aimed to convince the society that women are capable of achieving and maintaining higher waged job like males. Lastly, the gay rights movement aimed to gain acceptance and stop discrimination of homosexuality. The mostRead MoreThe Folk Music Of The Civil Rights Movement1208 Words à |à 5 PagesResponse Paper #4 The folk music of the Civil Rights Movement ââ¬Å"came out of tradition, common experience, and generations of resistanceâ⬠(Dunaway 2010: 140). The songs used throughout the movement derived from the shared experiences and struggles of African Americans while connecting ââ¬Å"the gentle, idealistic world of folk music and the integrationist world of civil rightsâ⬠(Dunaway 2010: 145). Songs, such as ââ¬Å"We Shall Overcomeâ⬠, were put through the folk process, where a song is passed on and alterationsRead MoreThe Great Leaders Of The Civil Rights Movement1563 Words à |à 7 Pages They seem to be forgotten until they are highlighted once again. Another example of a person that was not really highlighted for their actions is Nina Simone. She made an impact on the Civil Right Movement that not many other artist or celebrity would have done. When you think of the Civil Rights Movement the first three that come to mind of course are, Martin Luther King Jr., Malco m X, and Rosa Parks. So, when someone hears the name Nina Simone the two most common responses might be ââ¬Å"Whoââ¬â¢sRead MoreSocial Movements : Black Civil Rights2647 Words à |à 11 PagesSocial movements are vital to the establishment of our societies, and they way we are governed. Social movements help the less privileged band together to create a stronger voice among a sea of political correctness and unlawfully rule that the public supposedly have to abide by without question. Movements create this new form of platform that, if done successfully, are able to create a worldwide frenzy where people from across all walks of life, including politicians, academics, the less fortunateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African Americanââ¬â¢s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement ââ¬Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.â⬠This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960ââ¬â¢s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words à |à 5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there wereRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1014 Words à |à 5 PagesAfrican-American Civil Rights Movement. Specifically, the focus will be on the main activists involved in the movement such as Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks and the major campaigns of civil resistance. The Civil Rights Movement refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states.African-Americans were able to gain the rights to issues such as equal access to public transportation, right to voteRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay967 Words à |à 4 Pagesconsidered to be unworthy to be associated with whites, they struggled to fight laws of segregation for years and years to finally be thought of as equals. They fought to earn their civil rights which is where the movement got its name from. There are many names that stand out when you think of the Civil Rights Movement, for example, Martin Luther King Jr. who lead a march to Washington and gave the famous ââ¬Å"I have a Dreamâ⬠speech, and there is also Rosa Parks who refused to sit in the back of the busRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Civil Rights Movement1339 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is one of the most influential events from all of Americaââ¬â¢s history. This fight started long before the ââ¬Ë60s and has continued long after. All minority groups will face the struggle for rights at some time. This movement just happened to be for the African Americans in the 1960s. During this era, there were several leaders and events that experienced success in their endeavors to get rid of segregation and create equal opportunities for all. One of the most famous leaders Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-2652927300329812082019-12-11T06:34:00.001-08:002019-12-11T06:34:03.869-08:00The Progressive and the Fixed Tax System-Free-Samples for Students Question: Do Comparison between the Progressive and the Fixed Tax System. Answer: Introduction The report proposes to discuss on the topic whether progressive tax system is seen to be fairer in perspective of a taxpayer in Canadian context in the province of Alberta. It also aims to find whether the amount of taxes paid by a taxpayer is appropriate given his or her income level. Some of the important consideration of the topic has been seen to be dealing with conceptualization of fair taxation system and discern which of the system will result in less overall taxes being paid by the taxpayer or whether the amount is appropriate with the given income level (Alm, 2014). Scope and limitation The main form of the scope and the limitation will be only based on the assessment of fair taxation system rather than the consideration of fixed taxation system. The various scope of the study is related to the Canadian taxation system regulations in the province of Alberta. The study will only examine the advantages and disadvantages of progressive and fair taxation system and also discern whether the amount of taxes paid by a taxpayer is appropriate given his or her income level and consider the amount of tax paid as per the same. The limitation in the research methodology will be only considered by the interpretation of secondary data through application of qualitative research techniques. Some of the other limitation has been based on the application of deductive research (Chiroleu-Assouline Fodha, 2014). Overview and Comparison between the Progressive and the Fixed Tax System Progressive Tax System Overview Progressive tax system is identified as that taxation system in which the tax rate increases at an increasing amount. Progressive in general has been indented as the determination tax progression from low to high. The resultant consideration of taxpayer has been considered with taxpayers average tax, which is discerned less than the persons marginal tax rate. The aforementioned terms may be applied with the tax incidence of people with a lower ability to pay, as the this shift may be a result of the ability of the people to pay from higher to lower ability of paying tax. The main form of the implementation of the term has been evident with personal income tax where the people have lower income percentage to pay rather than higher income. The adjustments of the tax base have been considered with tax exemptions, tax credits, or selective taxation system. Based on the Canadian tax system some of the main examples of progressive tax system have been discerned with property tax, sales tax on luxury goods, or the exemption of sales taxes on basic necessities. Some of the various types of the other consideration of the progressive tax can be seen with increasing tax burden for families with higher income group and reduction of the tax with the lower income group. The progressive tax system is recognised with the consideration of the various types of the factors which has been seen to be associated to the refundable tax. This particular form of the taxation has a direct impact on reducing the income inequality. In 2016, the individuals below $ 9275 of the taxable income need to make a payment of 10% on the income tax. The progressivity of a tax system has been seen to be based on the various types of the associated factor which has been seen with the direct related to the tax system as per the rise of tax with the income of an individual. One particular example of the progressive tax system is seen to be evident with the consideration with the various types of the asso ciated factors has been seen to be related to the tax code following a lower rate of 10% and a high rate of 30%, and another tax code has income tax rates ranging from 10% to 80% (Lee, 2016). Advantages Progressive tax is conducive in reducing the income inequality and fairer way of taxation system. The main form of the benefit of the progressive taxation system has been considered with reduction in the income inequality. The income inequality has been considered with that segment of the population, which is seen to consider a larger share of the economys wealth in one particular segment. The fairer consideration of the progressive taxation system includes payment of taxes at a flat rate for those who will be able to earn as much are not required to pay as much back. In this procedure, the individuals will be able to get the most out of the systems supporting the same (Pntya et al., 2016). The biggest advantage of progressive tax has been is depicted with people who are earning more income and falling under lower income category. Hence, in this particular method the systems will be able to put lesser pressure on the lesser capable middle class of the population (Saad, 2014). The sys tem is seen with the sense of satisfaction which has been considered with the distribution of the taxes as per the income of the individuals. Henceforth, the application of these types of the tax system will be able to ensure proper allocation of the tax in a country. Another significant benefit of the application of the progressive taxation system is based on the various type of the important consideration which has been seen to be associated with the direct relevance of the several of the factors which needs to be evaluated as per the increasing nature of the taxable base (Saez, 2013). The main form of the advantage of the progressive tax has been seen with reducing the tax burden with the individuals who will be able to afford the same. These systems will be able to leave money among the low wage earners and those who will be able to stimulate the overall economy. The different types of the progressive tax systems will be having the ability to collect more amount of tax than the flat taxes along with the various types of the regressive taxes. The tax rate is seen to be increasing with the increment in the income, the progressive taxes are able to allow the people with the highest amount of the resources to a greater portion of the services to all the people and business with first responders and snow removal (Doerrenberg Peichl, 2013). Disadvantages The main form of the disadvantage of this type of the taxation system has been seen to be based on the various types of the important consideration which has been related to the factors related to punishing those individuals working hard and earning money in a particular way which discourages people for work as there is not added incentives for the people having higher income and the earning sufficient amount of money. Another significant limitation of the tax evasion system takes into account with cases of tax evasion and rich people who will be able to exploit the possible means of paying less tax (Mustapha Obid, 2015). Henceforth, this system shows that the tax payers are more prone to evade taxes. Another significant form of the disadvantage of the progressive taxation system is based on the varied factors which has been associated to the different types of the issues related to the scope of the manipulation of the tax and hence in this system the individual are not able to main tain an uniform tax rate. In several types of the other occasion the different types of the factors for the payment of the tax as per the progressive system of the taxation is seen to be related to dependent and subjective as the personal opinions given by the tax officials (Bacher Brlhart, 2013). Fixed Tax System Overview Fixed tax is discerned as a lump sum amount of tax which has been seen to be based on the consideration of the various types of the factors related to the measurement of the taxes as a percentage of the taxes as per the tax base. Fixed taxes are considered as poll or sin tax which are often seen to be considered as regressive in nature. As the citizens are able to share a common road, protection of military, policing and varies types of the other factors related to the different factors other than government, some of the individual, are seen to be of the opinion that the consideration of the fixed taxation system should include the citizen to pay for basic infrastructure (Isa, 2014). The fixed form of the taxation system has been based on the various types of the consideration associated to maintaining a constant marginal rate and usually seen to be applied to individuals with specific corporate income. The true form of the foxed taxation system has been discerned to be based on the varied types of the consolation which has been seen to be based on the deductions made as per the majority of the existing deductions made in the taxation system. The consideration of the charitable deductions is seen to be based on the varied types of the factors which has seen with charitable deductions and in several types of the occasions the consideration of the flat rate of eh taxation system has been considered with home mortgages. This particular factor has been discussed as per the various types of the consideration of the fixed taxation system which will be able to eliminate the various types of the existing deductions to simplify the taxes (Heinemann Kocher, 2013). Advantages The main form of the advantage of the fixed taxation system has been seen with the simplicity component. The varied type of the other factors related to the consideration of the flat tax system has been included for the ease of computation by the internal revenue service and straightforward payments from taxpayers. The flat form of the tax has is seen to be considered with various types of the significant factors which has been seen to be related to the consideration of the taxes with a single source of income. This makes the report easier to understand. The different type of the other consideration of the taxation system is based on factors related to the elimination of double taxation. The concept of the flat taxation has been considered to be popular for the purpose of the varied types of the other factors which has been seen to be taken into account with different factors which is directly seen to be associated to the implementation of the present IRS regulation (Azrina Mohd Yuso f et al., 2014). This particular system of the taxation has been able to eliminate the varied type of the factors for eliminating death tax and capital gains in addition to the double taxation. The flat system of the tax includes the various types of the factors which have been seen to be related to the differed types of the consideration for elimination of the unnecessary payment of interest and dividend at individual levels. The flat rate of the taxation system is able to eliminate the different the factors which has been seen to be associated to global tax system at a global scale on long-term basis. The varied type of the consideration for the fixed rate of the taxation system is able to take into consideration the fairness factor. For instance a taxpayer making $ 5000 is seen to earn $ 500000. The tax payer making a payment of $ 500000 has been able to simple consider greater income with the percentage of income made by an individual (Mookhey, 2013). Disadvantages The opponent of the fixed rate of tax system has been able to discern that the low income segment of the population has been seen to be considered with the lower amount of the payment of the taxation has been seen to directly associated with the individuals with lower income. The various types of the negative aspects of the fixed taxation is associated to the different type of the families of lower income group need to consideration of the expenditure of the same amount as with the individuals having higher rated of income. IRS implementation is taken into account with imposing numerous trained personnels in the fixed rate of the taxation system. Several individuals are seen to believe that the flat rate of the taxation system has been seen to reduce the overall tax and the actual form of the tax benefitted from the same. The tax rate is taken onto consideration with those individuals who are directly seen to be associated to the several form of detrimental factors such as inequity i n the economic system (Liu, 2013). Analysis and Interpretation Based on the several types of the considerations of the progsressive and the regressive taxation system it has been seen to be discerned that the fixed system of the taxation has been seen to be evident with entities with low income that needs to consider a payment of higher amount among the higher income group. The consideration of the progressive taxes has been seen to be evident with present federal income tax in the U.S. and Alberta province of Canada with a particular proportion of tax liability, which is seen to increase based on the individual income level. The various types of the consideration related to the tax burden consider high income earners among the lower or middle income group of people. The consideration of the progressive taxation system is seen to be based on present taxation system followed in Canada. In this system the tax burden increases with the increase in income of the entity. The rationale for the shift from flat taxation to progressive taxation has been discerned with the fact that Albertans wanted higher taxes at higher income levels. The people who can afford to pay the little extra amount should be only included in the higher tax slabs. The government introduced a new health-care contribution levy applied on progressive basis to individuals having annual income of more than $ 50000. In case of the flat taxation system the tax payers would have to still bear this levy, which was not favoured by many individuals. After the introduction of progressive taxation, individuals with more than $100,000 annually and $250,000 annually, experienced an increase of 0.5 percentage points in each of the next three years. This will lead to an overall increase of 11.5% by 2018 (Saad, 2014). Conclusion The main depictions of the study have been able to reveal that progressive taxation system is considered to be fairer than fixed taxation system. In case of fixed taxes, individuals and entities with lower income often need to pay a higher amount of taxes as compared to the individuals with high income. The implementation of the tax liability as per the ability to pay has been more prominent under progressive taxes. In case of progressive tax, proportion of tax liability is seen to increase based on individual level of income. Some of the other recommendation for the progressive tax has been done with inclusion of gross receipts, per capita taxes and occupational taxes. The income and profits are considered as per progressive or increasing tax rate schedule. The Marginal tax rates are often considered with payment of average tax rates. Based on the discerned assessment taxes paid by a taxpayer is appropriate given his or her income level in the province of Alberta in Canada. The main rationale for this is mainly due to the adherence of progressive taxes in province of Alberta in Canada. The main reason for the shift from flat taxation to progressive taxation in Alberta province has been discerned with the fact that Albertans wanted higher taxes at higher income levels. References Alm, J. (2014). Does an uncertain tax system encourage aggressive tax planning? Economic Analysis and Policy, 44(1), 3038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2014.01.004 Azrina Mohd Yusof, N., Ming Ling, L., Bee Wah, Y. (2014). Tax non-compliance among SMCs in Malaysia: tax audit evidence. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 15(2), 215234. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-02-2013-0016 Bacher, H. U., Brlhart, M. (2013). Progressive taxes and firm births. International Tax and Public Finance, 20(1), 129168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-012-9218-z Chiroleu-Assouline, M., Fodha, M. (2014). From regressive pollution taxes to progressive environmental tax reforms. European Economic Review, 69, 126142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2013.12.006 Doerrenberg, P., Peichl, A. (2013). Progressive taxation and tax morale. Public Choice, 155(34), 293316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9848-1 Heinemann, F., Kocher, M. G. (2013). Tax compliance under tax regime changes. International Tax and Public Finance, 20(2), 225246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-012-9222-3 Isa, K. (2014). Tax complexities in the Malaysian corporate tax system: minimise to maximise. International Journal of Law and Management, 56(1), 5065. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2013-0036 Lee, K. (2016). Morality, tax evasion, and equity. Mathematical Social Sciences, 82, 97104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2016.05.003 Liu, A. A. (2013). Tax evasion and optimal environmental taxes. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 66(3), 656670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2013.06.004 Mookhey, S. (2013). Tax disputes system design. eJournal of Tax Research, 11(1), 7996. Mustapha, B., Obid, S. N. B. S. (2015). Tax Service Quality: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Ease of Use of the Online Tax System. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.328 Pntya, J., Kovcs, J., Kogler, C., Kirchler, E. (2016). Work performance and tax compliance in flat and progressive tax systems. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 262273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.08.002 Saad, N. (2014). Tax Knowledge, Tax Complexity and Tax Compliance: Taxpayers View. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 10691075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.590 Saez, E. (2013). Optimal progressive capital income taxes in the infinite horizon model. Journal of Public Economics, 97(1), 6174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2012.09.002 Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-19704706746179983192019-12-03T18:15:00.001-08:002019-12-03T18:15:04.414-08:00The Second Industrial Revolution free essay sample Running Head: After reviewing the several links discussing labor conditions and the use of child labor, write a two to three page paper answering the following questions: 1. Why was there such widespread use ofà children in the mines and factories? 2. What affect did investigations of child labor have on industry? 3. What labor reforms came out of these investigations? The Second Industrial Revolution (1840-1900) James Hager Touro University International HIS# 101 Professor Dr. Amarjit Gill Module 1 (Case Assignment) During the industrial revolution many factories and mines did everything they could to exploit women and children by having them work in less than desirable conditions. Women and child labor was used for many years in many different industrial positions that would normally only be worked by men. The reason for this use was due to the fact of the companies could find more women and children that they could basically force into working the jobs that no one else would want to work, for little if not no money at all. We will write a custom essay sample on The Second Industrial Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another reason was because of the abundance of women and children available to be used to fill the positions. Women and children were sometimes sold into ââ¬Å"slaveryâ⬠if you will, and forced to live in the factories or very close to them, possibly even in compounds that surrounded the factories and mines, and were not allowed to leave the confines of their work areas until their time was worked off. Many of these people were sold by their parents t an early age, even at 6 years of age these kids were being sold off for couple of dollars for a six year contract basicallyâ⬠¦ so at the age of 6 these kids were basically being sold into slavery by their parents for a few dollars, and then by the time that they completed the 6 years or more that they were enslaved for they were basically released, but as many of them only knew the life of working in the mils and mines many of them remained. Some of the reason parents sent their children to work in the substandard condition without what seemed like any care, was because they themselves had worked in the same conditions when they were younger, and expected their children to do the same. Some of these parents did not even bother to find work while their children were working in these harsh environments, they just lived off of the money their kids made for working many 12+hr shifts, basically leaving the kids to have nothing out of all of the hard work that they did each day, except for maybe a meal or two.. f they were even given that chance. The term child labor generally refers to children who work to produce a good or a service which can be sold for money in the marketplace regardless of whether or not they are paid for their work. During the times that these children were at work they would be constantly beaten severely for doing nothing more than slowing in their work, and not being able to produce the quantity or the quality that the ââ¬Å"masterâ⬠wanted and expected. Although movements to abolish slavery started in the early 1800ââ¬â¢s, in Great Britain, slavery remained quite active especially by the slavery of women and children for many more years to come and it wasnââ¬â¢t until 1833 that work to make the working conditions of these enslaved children and women better began. Not only was it the savings in money for pay that they companies used women and children in the mils and mines, as it was that there were more women and children available that they could exploit then there were men at the time. Children will do anything they are told to do, and not usually fight it or ask any questions. They could have more children working in substandard conditions. These workers were forced to put in over 70 hrs in a week, even once machines and motors were used to create more of a mass production of the products. These machines allowed more to be produced and with a better quality than when it was done before by hand, but these machines still required someone to operate them, and to maintain them. As well as to keep them loaded with the required supplies to produce the products, as well as having someone there to remove the finished product as quickly as possible, so that the operator could continue to produce more as quickly as they could. It was not at all common for workers to work in excess of 19hrs a day with no extra pay, or any other benefits for working the added hours. The way I look at what they did back then, was factories looked at women and child labor to be the same as some farmers and such in the US do with Mexicans now days. They figure they can have twice or more the amount of workers for half the price that they would have paid US citizens, and this allows them to get more work done for less money, allowing them to sell more make more profit in the end, and this also will allow them to stay ahead of their competition. I do not condone these actions, but they are going on, and I thought it best explained the reason industries did this back during the Industrial Revolution. There were investigations that were conducted by a parliamentary investigation committee, on the child labor in both the mils as well as the mines. These investigations were started after Michael Sadler with a parliamentary commission, and the Ashley Commission; named after its leader, Anthony Ashley Cooper (Lord Ashley); brought proof to the House of Commons, and invited people from different backgrounds to come and see the conditions these children and women were forced to work in, at both the factories as well as the mines. The Sadler commission interviewed 89 of the witnesses that had seen the harsh conditions, as well as many of the workers that were actually forced to work in the condition, and afterwards took these interviews along with all of the findings of the commissions to the House of Commons where Lord Ashley purposed a bill that would restrict children to working a max of 10hrs a day. The members voted against the bill 238 votes to 93. But due to the information gathered by both the Sadler commission as well as the Ashley commission they did realize that the children needed some sort of protection set forth, and they sent an act of their own to the Parliament for approval which was the 1833 Factory ACT, which was approved by Parliament the 29th of August 1833. Under the terms of the new act, it became illegal for children under nine to work in textile factories, whereas children aged between nine and thirteen could not be employed for more than eight hours a day. The main disappointment of the reformers was that children over thirteen were allowed to work for up to twelve hours a day. They also complained that with the employment of only four inspectors to monitor this legislation, factory owners would continue to employ very young children. And this did continue for many years as there was a lack of supervision to verify that factory owners were in fact following the new laws. Although the factory owners did continue to employ younger workers, and overwork all of the children, way past the limit of 8-12hrs a day as set by the act, there was still a definite loss of workers and production time as they did have to cut workers, and cut the hours they were working so as to not be shut down or fined once they were caught. Factories were not able to put out near the quantity that they were able to produce before the act, and they were not able to function around the clock as they had before, as part of the act limited the latest time of the night that a child could work, and the earliest in the morning they could come to workâ⬠¦ thus limiting the operation hours of the factory so this dropped a good portion of production. As far as factory owners not abiding by the laws that were set as far as the child labor goes, it is not known whether it was an increase in demand or an increase in supply, but the argument that child labor laws were not considered much of a deterrent to employers or families is fairly convincing. Many factory owners as well as the families of the children working in these facilities did not seem too much care about the fines that were imposed by those who were found to be in contempt of the law, as the fines were usually way under what the children brought in, and well under what the products the children were producing were making for the factory owners. It is just as if you have a small town inside of a district, inside of a countyâ⬠¦ the county makes a law about something, and the city you live in only has one cop, and he doesnââ¬â¢t seem to really care for the new lawâ⬠¦ well you are willing to take a chance that that one cop will be the only one to catch you, and let you goâ⬠¦ so you are willing to still do whatever it is that is against the law and willing to take the lick for that one time that you do get caught, as you got away with it many more times making it more worth the chance of punishment. Well without the proper supervision and authorities to enforce the laws it could not be expected that the factory owners, as well as the families of the children were going to make any changes to a good thing they had going, for the chance of getting caught that one time, and having to pay what would be a small fee to them, considering all that they made while they were getting away with it. There were many things that changed during the Industrial Revolution; one of those things was the child labor in industry. There was a huge issue with child labor in factories, mills, and even mines that many people during the time frame did not even know was going on, much less posing a problem. Once the issue was brought to light in front of the right people, and was pursued by people who were not willing to let down they were able to get the information in position in front of politicians that made the appropriate laws such as the Factory Act of 1802, 1833, 1844, 1847, 1850, 1867, 1874, 1891 and many other similar acts. These acts put a huge damper on factory owners and caused their production numbers to fall, thus causing their profits to drop. This was a crushing blow to these owners that they did not want to accept and many of them continued to employ the children until newer acts, and more supervision was available to verify that they comply with the new laws as they came out. Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-74120339084364741832019-11-27T17:47:00.001-08:002019-11-27T17:47:05.921-08:00The Business Case for DigitalHowardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-77923779864830933532019-11-24T01:23:00.001-08:002019-11-24T01:23:02.318-08:00SAT Percentiles and Score Rankings (Updated 2018)SAT Percentiles and Score Rankings (Updated 2018) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you taken the SAT recently and need help deciding whether you should retake the test? Or maybe you havenââ¬â¢t taken the SAT yet but want to develop a target score. One of the best ways to understand your SAT scores is to understand your SAT score percentiles. You can learn to maximize your study time, find the biggest score gains, and impress your dream school by understanding percentile rankings. Read on for a guide to maximizing your SAT score- and your college admissions chances- by using SAT score percentiles. Bonus: Want to get a perfect SAT score? Read our famous guide on how to score a perfect 1600 on the SAT. You'll learn top strategies from the country's leading expert on the SAT, Allen Cheng, a Harvard grad and perfect scorer. No matter your level, you'll find useful advice here - this strategy guide has been read by over 500,000 people. Read the 1600 SAT guide today and start improving your score. What Are SAT Score Percentiles? In addition to the composite score you get on the SAT (i.e., that number between 400 and 1600), you'll get a percentile ranking, ranging from 1 to 99. The SAT gives you a percentile ranking for your overall composite score as well as for each of the twosection scores: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math. Your percentile tells you how you did on the SAT compared with everyone else who took the test. For example, if you got a composite percentile of 76, this means you scored higher than 76% of students on the whole test. If you got a percentile of 47 on the Math section, you did better than 47% of students on SAT Math. An example of an SAT score report with percentiles. Your percentile score is not like a grade out of 100.For instance, if you get a percentile of 90, this doesn't mean you got exactly 90% of the questions right. It just means that compared with everyone who took the SAT, you scored higher than 90% of them. (For more info on how the SAT is scored, see our scoring guide.) So, why do percentiles matter? Colleges use percentiles to compare you with other students. If you got, say, an SAT score in the 90thpercentile, this would make you competitive for many schools since you scored better than 90% of students nationwide. Paying attention to your percentile ranking, as well as your composite score, can give you the best idea of your performance and help you make strategic choices about which colleges to apply to. What Are the Percentile Ranges for the SAT? OK, so you get that percentile rankings are important. But if you havenââ¬â¢t taken the SAT yet or have taken it and plan to retake it, what composite SAT score should you shoot for in order to get a certain percentile ranking? Luckily, the College Board releases data about composite scores and matching percentile rankings to help you figure this out. These numbers change slightly from year to year, but we have the most recent info from 2018. We've summarized the SAT percentile ranges here in a percentile chart. Just find your score to see your estimated percentile. SAT Composite Score Range Percentile Score 1550-1600 99+ 1500-1550 99 to 99+ 1450-1500 97 to 99 1400-1450 94 to 97 1350-1400 91 to 94 1300-1350 87 to 91 1250-1300 81 to 87 1200-1250 74 to 81 1150-1200 67 to 74 1100-1150 58 to 67 1050-1100 49 to 58 1000-1050 39 to 49 950-1000 31 to 39 900-950 23 to 31 850-900 15 to 23 800-850 10 to 15 750-800 5 to 10 700-750 2 to 5 650-700 1 to 2 600-650 1- to 1 550-600 1- 500-550 1- 450-500 1- 400-450 1- Something to note about these percentile ranks is that they change the fastest with the middle scores. For example, the difference between 1450 and 1600- the highest possible score- is only 3 percentile points, 98 to 99. However, the same point gap between 1100 and 1250 has a vast percentile difference- 58 to 81. This means that if you scored 1100 or lower, increasing your overall composite by just 150 points would give a vast boost to your percentile rank and your admissions competitiveness! Did you know boosting your SAT score by 160 points can dramatically change your chances of getting into your dream school?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: SAT Percentile Charts by Section We also have data on percentile rankings for score ranges in EBRW and Math. Check out the chart below to see how your scores stack up. Section Score Range SAT EBRW Percentiles SAT Math Percentiles 780-800 99+ 98 to 99+ 760-780 99 to 99+ 97 to 98 740-760 98 to 99 96 to 97 720-740 97 to 98 94 to 96 700-720 94 to 97 92 to 94 680-700 92 to 94 89 to 92 660-680 88 to 92 86 to 89 640-660 84 to 88 83 to 86 620-640 78 to 84 79 to 83 600-620 72 to 78 75 to 79 580-600 66 to 72 69 to 75 560-580 59 to 66 64 to 69 540-560 52 to 59 57 to 64 520-540 45 to 52 49 to 57 500-520 38 to 45 40 to 49 480-500 31 to 38 34 to 40 460-480 25 to 31 28 to 34 440-460 19 to 25 22 to 28 420-440 14 to 19 17 to 22 400-420 9 to 14 13 to 17 380-400 6to 9 9 to 13 360-380 3 to 6 6 to 9 340-360 2 to 3 3 to 6 320-340 1 to 2 1 to 3 300-320 1- to 1 1 280-300 1- 1- to 1 260-280 1- 1- 240-260 1- 1- 220-240 1- 1- 200-220 1- 1- Source:SAT Understanding Scores 2018 Again, note that the percentile ranks change dramatically toward the middle scores: 500 in EBRW is only 38%, but 600 is 72%. In other words, a 100-point improvement- which is very manageable with some smart studying- could transform your score from poorto good. Note that the Math curve is more competitive near the top than the EBRW curve is. A 750 is in the 96thpercentile on Math but in the 99thpercentile on EBRW, and a 700 is in the 92ndpercentile on Math but in the 94thpercentile on EBRW. This means that if you were aiming for the same percentile on both sections, you'd have to get a higher score on Math than you would on EBRW. For more info on SAT scores and rankings, check out our guide to average SAT scoresin which we also look at score breakdowns by gender and ethnic group. How Can Knowing Your SAT Percentile Help You? We know that percentiles are important and that, in some cases, a relatively small composite score increase can have a huge effect on your percentile ranking. However, your target composite score for the colleges you want to apply to is the most important. While percentiles help college admissions officers compare your scores, schools also have their own score ranges that typically donââ¬â¢t change much from year to year. To find a collegeââ¬â¢s SAT score ranges, search ââ¬Å"[School Name] SAT scores PrepScholarâ⬠on Google to find our Admission Requirements page with its SAT/ACT score ranges and info on GPA ranges and overall competitiveness. For more tips on how to use this strategy (and for a table you can fill out for your specific colleges), see our guide onwhat a good SAT score is. Maximize your study time by setting a personal SAT target score. Finally, SAT percentile rankings can be a useful tool for you. Especially if youââ¬â¢re deciding whether or not to retake the SAT, percentiles really help put your SAT scores in context. For example, the difference between your 700 in EBRW and 600 in Math might not seem enormous, but that EBRW score is in the 94th percentile, while that Math score is in the 75th percentile. A huge difference! This means you can get more bang for your buck if you focus on the Math section for your retake. Increasing your Math score by 100 points can raise your percentile from 75 to 92. However, raising your EBRW score from 700 to 800, though super impressive, only improves your percentile ranking by 5%. Of course, this doesnââ¬â¢t mean you should ignore EBRW- in fact, a gain of just 50 points would put you in the 99th percentile! But recognizing that you stand to gain more with Math can ultimately help you prioritize your study time better. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Tired of wasting time prepping in ways that don't work? We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. It's the best prep program available right now. Best of all, we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 160 points or more. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Improve Your SAT Score by 160+ Points, Guaranteed Whatââ¬â¢s Next? Now that you know the ins and outs of national SAT percentiles, check out what the average SAT scores are, and take a look at the average SAT scores in your state. Trying to figure out your SAT target score? Or maybe you took the SAT but aren't sure whether your score is competitive. Our guide can help you develop a personal SAT target score based on the colleges you're applying to. Reaching for the stars? Check out what a good SAT score for the Ivy League looks like. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-37113335285361063142019-11-21T06:16:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:16:10.633-08:00LITERARY TERMS, CONVENTIONS, & GENRES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 wordsLITERARY TERMS, CONVENTIONS, & GENRES - Essay Example the pens and brushes of the artists present, preserve and draw out the socio-cultural values of their environment in an excellent and elegant mode, which are sure to turn into the intellectual heritage of their society for the future centuries to come. Since it is social and cultural features that provide the raw material to creativity on which the foundations of literature are eloquently erected, so the realities of life give birth to the formation and growth of various forms and genres of literature. In view of the fact that realities are both bitter and sweet ones, the true writers do never hesitate in depicting divergent aspects of society while creating their works. The same can be observed by examining the novels under study including ââ¬Å"Gulliverââ¬â¢s Travelsâ⬠by Jonathan Swift and ââ¬Å"Mrs. Dallowayâ⬠by Virginia Woolf. Produced and published during the first half of eighteenth century, Gulliverââ¬â¢s Travels is undoubtedly a wonderful piece of literature created in a superb way by renowned writer and satirist Jonathan Swift. The author has ironically criticized the social injustices and inequalities adopted and observed by the kings, queens, nobility, clergy and courtiers during the Swiftââ¬â¢s times by throwing light on the hypocrisy and double standards observed by the elite stratum of society. The novel is based upon the travels the protagonist character i.e. Gulliver made after the wrecking of his ship during his voyage. After the wrecking of the ship Gulliver, a doctor by profession, reaches several strange lands and comes across diverse types of creatures, which are not only absolutely different from the normal humans in size and activities, but are also observe quite eccentric and awkward behavior while interacting with one another. Hence, the novel is full of thrill, action, suspense and amusement, which reveals the outstanding talent and observation of the author on the one hand, and his command over drawing out characters and creating amusements Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-63382208883243973252019-11-20T06:17:00.001-08:002019-11-20T06:17:03.965-08:00Video summary and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsVideo summary and reflection - Essay Example As such, the report also indicated that the government has directed Internet providers to ban access to Facebook. Reflection: One strongly believes that people from all walks of life, depending on values, traditions and beliefs, have the right to assert what they think conforms to their philosophies and ideals. As such, for Muslim countries with deep regard and belief in Islamic teachings, the violations noted for posting the prophetââ¬â¢s image could actually be devastating. As such, one affirms that the government should take a stand and enjoin other Muslim countries in asserting concrete policies and procedures regarding this particular concern at the soonest possible time to resolve this issue. Introduction: The video entitled ââ¬Å"Malala Yousafzai, 16, and Her Miraculous Story of Surviving Being Shot by the Talibanâ⬠reported by ABC News was published online through YouTube foretold of a remarkable story of a young teen-aged girl named Malala Yousufza. Summary: The video documented the remarkable story of Malala Yousufza, specifically after she was shot by a Taliban rebel for speaking in behalf of millions of young girls to be educated. Accordingly, she was nominated for a Nobel Peace prize. Malala narrated what she remembered just before she was shot. There were a number of miracles that happened and contributed to saving Malalaââ¬â¢s life: the presence of a top specialist in pediatrics trauma, Dr. Feona Reynolds; the lending of a plane with complete medical facilities; and how the bullet apparently ricocheted from the skull to be diverted to her shoulders. The story was considered a miracle. Reflection: The story was very moving and touching. It attested that miracles still happen in life. One is convinced that there is still a more powerful force beyond what humans can understand who ultimately governs manââ¬â¢s purpose in life. As manifested and exhibited by the Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-79201387108431345502019-11-17T18:54:00.001-08:002019-11-17T18:54:04.063-08:00Miltary soldiers and substance abuse Research PaperMiltary soldiers and substance abuse - Research Paper Example Substance and drug abuse in the military is a public and national threat to the security of a country because such behaviors distract the preparedness of the force. Furthermore, the habit may result to military personnel undermining the authority and strict orders that function to enhance the efficiency of the military, as well as risking their lives. The issue of drugs in the military is not something new: it began during the Vietnam between the late 1960s and early 1970s. Records indicate that more 20% of the veterans of the Vietnam War reported using narcotic drugs on a weekly basis, with another 20% showing signs of addictions. After the Vietnam War, a few military personnel continued with the regular use of the narcotics, especially heroin and opium. There was some considerable reduction in the percentage of usage, but concerns were high regarding addiction. With the prevalence of the drugs problem within the force, Cushman ordered a crackdown on military personnel abusing drugs in the mid-1970s (Ruiz and Strain, 2011). Consequently, all military troops were confined to their respective bases, with increase in guard patrols and a thorough search on all personnel entering the bases. In addition to these measures, there were numerous establishments of emergency medical clinics across the forces. The military command also engaged in sensitizing the personnel on the physical and legal consequences of substance abuse through all available media. The authorities published and distributed pamphlets to platoon leaders. Creation of drug abuse councils followed, with the initial duty to travel from unit to unit addressing the issue. These education programs seemed to fail in rooting out the issue, the command turned to punishment. However, the judicial system established could not court marshal all the soldiers, thus they turned to administrative discharges to get rid of Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2670787046451676032.post-60652224296891548282019-11-15T07:25:00.001-08:002019-11-15T07:25:05.906-08:00Edge Detection Using Kirsch AlgorithmsEdge Detection Using Kirsch Algorithms Image processing is the study of representation and manipulation of pictorial information. In Image Processing, an edge is the boundary between an object and its background. Therefore, if the edges of images objects can be identified with precision, all the objects can be located and their properties such as area, perimeter and shape can be calculated. Edge detection is an essential tool for image processing. Edge detection is the process of locating the edge pixels. Then an edge enhancement will increase the contrast between the edges and the background in such a way that edges become more visible. In the edge function, the Sobel method uses the derivative approximation to find edges. Therefore, it returns edges at those points where the gradient of the considered image is maximum. The Kirsch Edge module detects edges using eight compass filters. All eight filters are applied to the image with the maximum being retained for the final image. The eight filters are a rotation of a basic compass convolution filter (RoboRealm, 2006). The proposal is organized as follows. First, describe the research problems statement, Research Objective, Hypothesis, Delimitations, Assumptions, Terms, significant of the Research Problem, Literature Review session. Lastly the Research Methodology and Conclusion sections respectively. Research Problem Problem Statements As a human being, we could not notice the petite lines of an image. We could only recognize an enormous range of objects from just line images such cartoons. Besides, in Malaysian, it is acknowledge that there is no system to identify the edges of the local cars. They prefer to choose the human faces, geometric shapes or the environment image as their image research. So, by using edge detection techniques, the result of detected edges image could show us the lines or edges from the obvious lines to the tiniest lines of that certain image (Brendan McCane, 2001). For example, Prewit Edge Detector for detection of edges in digital images corrupted with different kinds of noise (Raman Maini, 2005). In the edge function, the Sobel method uses the derivative approximation to find edges where it returns edges at those points where the gradient of the considered image is maximum. The Kirsch Edge module detects edges using eight compass filters. All eight filters are applied to the image with the maximum being retained for the final image. The eight filters are a rotation of a basic compass convolution filter (RoboRealm, 2006). Research Objectives The objectives of this study are: 1) To identify edge detection of image processing system on Malaysian cars. 2) To be able to draw a bitmap result where edges are either in gray scaled or colored for enhancement of edges in an image. 3) To compare the edge detection methods to one another by using the Prewit Edge Detector, Sobel Edge Detector and Kirsch Edge Detector. 2.3 Hypothesis Believe that by implementing different edge detecting algorithms, verified images will be more exact and precise in terms of image accuracy and clarity. 2.4 Delimitations The edge detections will only be analyzing between Sobel, Prewit and Kirsch algoritms. The image processing edge detection does not contain any hierarchical structure but only groups of local cars images. 2.5 Assumptions The participants are familiar the basic knowledge of edge detection to ensure they realize what is happening during the experimental session. They are not trained to identify the difference between the 3 algorithms given to them All participants are at least two year experience in image processing activities to make sure that they could determine what the purpose of this research is. Terms Noise = amount of distortion of a pixel value against the frequency of images Thresholding = separates the pixels in ways that tend to preserve the boundaries Filter = Process by which we can enhance or otherwise modify images. 2.6 Research Significance The image of Malaysian cars will be captured as the input. The each of the images edges will be detected either by using the Prewit Edge Detector, Sobel Edge Detector or Kirsch Edge Detector. If the user chooses to see the output of Prewit Edge Detector, the result of detected edges will be appear on the panel and same goes to if they choose the Sobel Edge Detector or the Kirsch Edge Detector. They could choose all of the three edge detectors for more precise observation. The result also will be compare with the human views to get the similarity of edge detecting against it. Literature Review Introduction to Image Processing Edge Detection In Image Processing, an edge is the boundary between an object and its background. They represent the frontier for single objects. Therefore, if the edges of images objects can be identified with precision, all the objects can be located and their properties such as area, perimeter and shape can be calculated. Edge detection is an essential tool for image processing. Edge detection is the process of locating the edge pixels. Then an edge enhancement will increase the contrast between the edges and the background in such a way that edges become more visible. In addition, edge tracing is the process of following the edges, usually collecting the edge pixels into a list. In the edge function, the Sobel method uses the derivative approximation to find edges. Therefore, it returns edges at those points where the gradient of the considered image is maximum. The horizontal and vertical gradient matrices whose dimensions are 3-3 for the Sobel method has been generally used in the edge detection operations. In this work, a function is developed to find edges using the matrices whose dimensions are 5-5 in matlab (Shigeru A, 2000). Since edge detection is in the forefront of image processing for object detection, it is crucial to have a good understanding of edge detection algorithms. Prewit Edge Detector for detection of edges in digital images corrupted with different kinds of noise. Different kinds of noise are studied in order to evaluate the performance of the Prewitt Edge Detector (Raman Maini, 2005). The Kirsch Edge module detects edges using eight compass filters. All eight filters are applied to the image with the maximum being retained for the final image. The eight filters are a rotation of a basic compass convolution filter (RoboRealm, 2006). 3.2 Comparisons of Edge Detection Techniques a) Sobel Sobel edge detector using convolutions with row and column edge gradient masks (Percy S, 2001). Applies a 3-3 convolution filter row-wise in order to determine the gradient of the surrounding pixels. Pixel is a member of an edge if the intensity of it is greater than that of the members of its surrounding pixels. The Sobel edge detection filter uses the two 3-3 templates to calculate the gradient value. 1 2 1 -1 0 1 -1 -2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 -1 -1 Figure 1: Sobel Algorithm X Y Original image Sobel Edge Detection Original image Figure 1.1: Sobel Edge Detection Output b) Prewit Prewit Edge Detector for detection of edges in digital images corrupted with different kinds of noise. Different kinds of noise are studied in order to evaluate the performance of the Prewit Edge Detector (Raman Maini, 2005). This is similar to the Sobel detector Operates under the same principle except that it uses a different (simpler) convolution kernel. -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1The Prewitt edge detection filter uses the two 3-3 templates to calculate the gradient value. -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 1 1 1 Figure 2: Prewit Algorithm X Y Original image Prewitt Edge Detection Original image Figure 2.1: Prewit Edge Detection Output c) Kirsch The Kirsch Edge module detects edges using eight compass filters. All eight filters are applied to the image with the maximum being retained for the final image. The eight filters are a rotation of a basic compass convolution filter (Mike Heath, 2001).The filters are of the form: 5 5 5 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 5 -3 -3 5 -3 -3 5 -3 -3 Figure 3: Kirsch Algorithm X Y Original image Kirsch Edge Detection Original image Figure 3.1: Kirsch Edge Detection Output 3.3 Thresholding The idea of thresholding is to apply a boundary-finding method (such as edge detection), sample of the histogram that are only near where the boundary probability is high. The benefit of thresholding is to separates the pixels in ways that tend to preserve the boundaries. Besides that, other scattered distributions within the object or the background are irrelevant. But, the problems if the characteristics change along the boundary, it still no guarantee you wont have extraneous pixels or holes (IgorPro, 2006). The advantages of thresholding can be declared that it is simple to implement, fast especially if repeating on similar images and it is good for some kinds of images such as documents, controlled set-ups. The disadvantages of thresholding can be assume that it is usually not very good segmentation, there are no guarantees of object coherency such as they may have holes, extraneous pixels, and so on and there are connected component labeling can then be used to label separate foreground regions. METHODOLOGY This chapter provides methodology that used to develop text search engine prototype. Methodology is a study of methods, a set of procedures and selecting data. All of workflow involved in the implementation of this project is explained from the beginning to the end. Project Formulation Framework Figure 4: Overview of Project Formulation Framework Project Framework Summary Phase Objectives Deliverables Planning 1) To identify and understand potential problems. 2) Ensure goals, scope, budget, schedule, methods and tools are in place. 1) Define the problem statement, objectives, scope and contribution of study. 2) Collecting images of Malaysian cars. Analysis 1) Analyzing the system requirement. 2) Analyze the edge detection algorithms used for the system (Sobel, Prewit and Kirsch). 1) Prototype requirement and requirement model. 2) Identify the comparison of the algorithms chosen. Design 1) Design the prototype interface and the coding (classes and object). 2) Design function and algorithms. 1) System and Detailed design. 2)GUI interface Implementation 1) Translate design into code New application Testing 1)Pre-test and pro-test the application Test the application Data Collection The data collection is the most critical process in this project. As mentioned earlier, this study will only focus on Malaysian cars. Before developed the application tool, all information must be collected first. This stages involved data collection about sample of Malaysian car images and project requirements which are hardware and software requirements. The sample images of the car will be captured by using digital camera. The main hardware system in order to capture an image is the camera to grab the image of the cars. The images are in a bitmapped or digital image format. Besides that, this study also gathered information from internet. It was the greatest finding for this project. From internet, more information can be explored in detail such as about bitmapped image model, journals and articles about previous researches which related to this project the Malaysian cars itself and many more. 4.4 Prototype Development Throughout the development of the application, there were involving some steps. After all the information gathered, the development processes take place. Firstly, as an input the image of the Malaysian cars must be captured. A digital camera was used to acquire the images. There were 10 images of different category of Malaysian cars as samples for this project. In capturing the images, hardware system also involved. The camera will use to grab the image and the computer system will do the image processing and data analysis for the images. The images were scanned to convert them into digital form. Experiment and Procedure In the experimental task, the participants will be given the Malaysian car images. They will run the application by choosing different car images and test all the images to the different edge detection algorithm provided to them. The output which is the result of comparison between those 3 algorithms (Sobel, Prewitt and Kirsch) will be recorded. The user, based on his/her experience will determine the sharp, sharper and sharpest result of edge detected images from system. Here, they might recognize which edge detector is more accurate in image clarity capturing. The summary of the experiment is as follows; Pretest Participants choose Malaysian cars images and tryout them using the algorithms provided. Posttest /Treatment Participants evaluate the result which edge detection algorithm is the sharp, sharper or sharpest. Observation My experiment used one-group pretest and posttest design.7. The group participated in both pre-experiment evaluation and post-experiment evaluation sequentially. The design is represented as follows: Group Time Ãâà Group 1 Observation 1 (using Sobel Algorithm with and without thresholding) Observation 2 (using Prewit Algorithm with and without thresholding) Observation 3 (using Kirsch Algoritm with and without thresholding) Figure 5: Experimental design 7 Experimental Design Number 7: pretest and posttest design. Data Analyses After collecting all the data from their query results from the participants, we use the following standard criteria for evaluating retrieval for effectiveness of search are used . The keyword-based search and the ontology-based search have been evaluated using the following formula: Comparison of Edge Detectors Image Sharpness Based on Thresholding Value Bil Type of Malaysian Cars Sobel Prewit Kirsch 1 Perodua Kelisa Sharpest Sharper Sharp 2 Perodua Kenari Sharpest Sharper Sharp 3 Perodua Kembara Sharpest Sharper Sharp 4 Proton Wira Sharpest Sharper Sharp 5 Proton Waja Sharpest Sharp Sharper 6 Proton Satria Neo Sharpest Sharper Sharp 7 Perodua Kancil Sharpest Sharper Sharp 8 Proton Saga Aeroback Sharpest Sharp Sharper 9 Proton Satria Sharper Sharpest Sharp 10 Perodua Myvi Sharpest Sharper Sharp Table 1: Approximate image sharpness of the algorithms based on 10 of Malaysian car images Sharp Result (Percentage) Edge Detectors Sobel Prewit Kirsch 0/10*100 = 0% 2/10*100 = 20% 8/10*100 = 80% Table 2: Percentage for the Malaysian Cars Sharpness for sharp category Sharper Result (Percentage) Edge Detectors Sobel Prewit Kirsch 1/10*100 = 10% 7/10*100 = 70% 2/10*100 = 20% Table 3: Percentage for the Malaysian Cars Sharpness for sharper category Sharpest Result (Percentage) Edge Detectors Sobel Prewit Kirsch 9/10*100 = 90% 1/10*100 = 10% 0/10*100 =0% Table 4: Percentage for the Malaysian Cars Sharpness for sharpest category Figure 6: Histogram for the comparison result for precision According to the Figure 6, based on Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4, the sharp, sharper and sharpest result is based from the thresholding value of 60. In making this research, some important lesson or experience has been learned. After the project successfully developed and tested, the result from the testing is analyzed. The results are between human viewing and prototype viewing. By analysis and compare the results the accuracy of the project is determined. It also use as a measurement to the third objective of the project. If the project result is accurate, the third objective is successfully achieved. 5.3 Recommendation There are also some future expansions that can be done in order to improve this prototype. This prototype developed for computer platform only. This prototype can be developed in the PDA or handheld hand phone. Recommendation for future is the samples of Malaysian cars should be various because from that the result can be more accurate. 5.4 Conclusion There are many ways to perform edge detection. Various edge detection algorithms have been developed in the process of finding the perfect edge detector. Some of the edge detection operators that are discussed in this thesis are Prewitt, Sobel, and Kirsch operators. In this case, there are three criteria for optimal edge detections. First good detection where the optimal detector must minimize the probability of false positives, as well as that of false negatives. Second, good localization where the edges detected must be as close as possible to the true edges and finally, single response constraint where the detector must return one point only for each true edge point; that is, minimize the number of local maxima around the true edge (Trucco, 2006). Howardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14369667061011527695noreply@blogger.com0